Give Me Liberty 3rd Edition Chapter 4 Review Questions

Notes: Give Me Liberty! An American History: Affiliate 4

Eric Foner: Book Outline Notes for Give Me Freedom! An American History 2d Edition

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More than Notes!

• Notes: Affiliate 1
  
• Notes: Chapter 2
  
• Notes: Chapter three
  
• Notes: Chapter four
  
• Notes: Chapter 7
  
• Notes: Affiliate 8
  
• Notes: Chapter 9
  
• Notes: Chapter 10
  
• Notes: Chapter 11
  
• Notes: Chapter 12
  
• Notes: Chapter thirteen
  
• Notes: Affiliate xiv
  

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CHALLENGE!

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Chapter four - Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire (to 1763)

Focus Questions

1. What were the major varieties of African slavery in the 18th century?
2. How did AF-AM cultures begin to emerge in the 18th century?
3. What were the meanings of BR liberty in the 18th century?
4. What were the characteristics of colonial politics in the 18th century?
5. What was the significance of the Great Awakening?
6. How did the SP and FR empires in AM develop in the 18th century?
7. What was the impact of the Seven Year's State of war on imperial and Indian-white relations?

Chapter four Notes

1. Slave - O. Equiano - taken by slave traders to Barbados, then bought by a body of water helm who renamed him Gustavus Vassa. Fought in the 7 yrs state of war, and then bought his freedom and wrote a book well-nigh his life (described his life every bit luck)

1. Commencement 3/four of the 18th century was Non a prelude to AM independence
2. Equiano's story = greatest irony/contradiction in the history of the 18th century

Slavery in the Empire

1. Slave trade was vital, but it was later described as a violation against humanity
2. The asiento (an agreement whereby Spain subcontracted to a foreign power the right to provide slaves to Castilian AM) was an important diplomatic prize
3. First mass consumer goods in international trade were produced by slaves - sugar, rice, coffee, and tobacco; ascent demand led to more slave trade
4. The Triangular Trades

1. BR manufactured appurtenances to AF and the colonies, and then AF slaves to New World
2. 1720 - Half of the ships leaving New World traded w/ Caribbean.
3. Slavery helped colonists get true freedom, and also helped industrial revolution in England.
4. Merchandise primarily consisted of slaves, crops produced past slaves, and goods destined for slave societies

Africa and the slave trade

1. Traders didn't travel inland for slaves, got them at "factories". Took a while for rulers to agree to it
2. AF traded for European guns

The Middle Passage

1. i/v slaves died along the way. Had to lay downwards nigh of the fourth dimension, were chained to beds, 18 inches higher up them
2. 1/5 of the 2.3 million ppl in the New Earth were slaves and their descendants

Chesapeake Slavery

1. Slavery expanded with the colonies

Freedom and Slavery in the Chesapeake

1. Blacks were considered dangerous and undesirable
2. "Free" and "white" had most get identical

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Indian Slavery in Early Carolina

1. Rice production, traded Indian slaves. Creek Indians traded slaves west/ colonies. Merely equally colonial expansion increased, Creek Indians started fearing enslavement themselves

The Rice Kingdom

1. Virginia - rice = staple ingather that led to the large calibration-importation of slaves
2. SC was 1st colony to have bulk of blacks. 2/3 of population
3. Indigo - some other staple crop (used for bluish dye)
4. AF slaves taught colonists how to farm rice, needed big farms to be more than profitable. Slaves died b/c of musquito's carrying malaria

The Georgia experiment

1. Georgia founded by John Oglethorpe, wealthy reformer whose causes included improved conditions for imprisoned debtors and the abolition of slavery.

Slavery in the North

1. Slavery wasn't as important to northern colonies, therefore they were less of a threat (less strict laws b/c of information technology)
2. NY and Philly were using slaves, just it wasn't worth it to buy a lifetime slave

Slave cultures and Slave Resistance

1. Becoming AF-AM

1. Many different AF cultures were brought together, all westward/ the bond of slavery. Weren't bonded west/ language, organized religion, or annihilation else...but slavery
2. Creoles = Slaves born in the New Globe. AF's presently just became known as AF-AM's, westward/ no identification to a tribe/etc..

AF-AM Cultures

1. Iii slave systems: Chesapeake - more healthy climate and spoke some English, SCarolina & Georgia - extremely crappy conditions w/ low birth charge per unit (were more autonomous) and spoke Gullah, and Northern Colonies - slaves = smaller part of the population and enjoyed more than mobility and access to the mainstream of life

Resistance to Slavery

1. Many slaves ran away (usually new young recruits) to Florida or Charleston and Savannah, where they could pass for free.
2. Signs for fugitives everywhere ("May pretend to be free")
3. Were many uprisings to scare fugitive slaves

The Crunch of 1739-1741

1. During State of war of Jenkins Ear, Af's took guns/ammo and marched towards Florida
2. Stono Rebellion - led to a astringent tightening of the SC slave code
3. 1741 - Panic thru NYC said slaves would burn the urban center downwards

An Empire of Freedom, (basically, BR thinks (and is) that they are freaking awesome in every fashion! SWAG.)

1. BR Patriotism

1. England was very proud of themselves b/c they were the about avant-garde and freest nation.
2. Also enjoyed commonality west/ constabulary, organized religion, and linguistic communication. Wealth, religion, and liberty went together
3. BR besides had powerful armed forces and circuitous government

The BR Constitution

1. Liberty was cardinal to BR ppl, they believed power and freedom to be natural antagonists
2. ENG'due south political system had many checks and balances (as well no 1 was above the law). Was the all-time way to prevent tyranny
3. ENG thought other nations were enslaved and not equally good as them

The language of liberty

1. The ideas (to a higher place) resonated with British ppl everywhere (colonists, etc..)

Republican liberty

1. Freedom was central to two sets of political ideas: one was...
2. Republicanism - celebrated active political party participation in public life by economically independent citizens every bit the essence of liberty

1. Nigh associated w/ Country party in England

Liberal Freedom

1. Liberalism - Whereas republican liberty had a public and social quality, liberalism was essentially individual and private
2. John Locke -wrote Two Treatises on Government, information technology said that government was non like a family, it was like a "social contract" where ppl surrendered some rights to be protected by the police.

1. He spoke of liberty every bit universal, but restricted some ppl's from it

Both Repub. and Lib. = alternative understandings of freedom, both emphasized the security of property every bit a foundation of freedom The Public Sphere

1. In colonies w/ diversity (NY), there were frequent uprisings. Was rare in other colonies
2. The Right to Vote

1. Said that slaves, servants, tenants, developed sons living in parent homes, the poor, and women all lacked a "will of their own", thus making them unintelligible to vote
2. Mostly a male prerogative

Political Cultures

1. Most offices didn't keep contact w/ their constituents
2. Belongings requirements for officeholding were far higher than for voting
3. Few Americans vigorously pursued elective function or took an agile function in public affairs

Colonial Authorities

1. BR adopted a policy of "salutary neglect" towards colonies, leaving them to govern themselves. B/c of this, large landowners, merchants, and lawyers claimed the right to control local politics

The Rise of the Assemblies

1. Gov = focal bespeak of political say-so in 17th century
2. Nearly powerful assembly was Pennsylvania's; new charter (1701) - established the merely uni-cameral legislature in the colonies
3. Started printing coin b/c silver and gold was so scarce

Politics in Public

1. "Political nation" was dominated by the gentry

The Colonial Press

1. 18th century - it spread throughout ENG like crazy
2. By the eave of the AM Revolution, iii/4 of the gratuitous male population could read and write.
3. Libraries started popping upwards all around United kingdom. First continuously published colonial newspaper = the Boston NewsLetter (1704). Penn. Gazette = best-edited (2,000 subscribers at meridian)

Liberty of Expression and its Limits

1. Freedom of speech communication, and Freedom of the press = both sides of Atlantic viewed these every bit very dangerous. Eventually said that y'all needed to have a gov license to print annihilation

1. Ppl could be punished for "seditious libel" - a crime that included defaming gov officials

The Trial of Zenger

1. Most famous court case involving freedom of the press
2. John Peter Zenger - High german built-in printer who went to NY equally youth. He published "libel", just it was true so he wasn't guilty in trial

The AM Enlightenment

1. Philosophical movement - sought to employ to political and social life the Scientific Method of carful investigation based on research and experiment.
2. These thinkers held that "reason," non religious enthusiasm, could govern human life
3. Deism developed here
4. Isaac Newton also revealed the natural laws that governed the Universe.
5. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson were classified as deists.

The Great Awakening

1. Religion was primal to American life
2. Religious Revivals

1. Revivals that were less a coordinated movement than a serial of local events united by a commitment to a "religion of the middle,"
2. Jonathan Edwards and his famous sermon - Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God; only a new nascency and divine grace could save men from eternal damnation

The Preaching of Whitfield

1. He preached that God was merciful. He was made a celebrity b/c of his sermons. Traveling preachers followed him and held revivalist meetings
2. Critics - produced sermons, pamphlets, newspaper, etc against revivalist-ers
3. New church denominations created - Old Lights (traditionalists) and New Lights (revivalists): Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, and others created

The Awakening'south Impact

1. Criticized farmers for only going for profit. Few preachers condemned slavery
2. B/c of newspaper fights, papers spread all throughout colonies; and information technology also helped colonists to trust their own views rather than just the elites

Regal Rivalries

1. Spanish North America

1. Pacific Coast and New United mexican states into the Great Plains eastward thru Texas and Florida

The Spanish in California

1. California's first mission - San Diego
2. 1800 - Los Angeles was the largest town due west/ 300 ppl

The FR Empire

1. Greater rival to England than Espana
2. New Orleans was a large metropolis (1718) - population was 55k past 1750. It had a vibrant social life as well every bit an established community west/ churches, schools, and gov buildings

Battle for the Continent

1. The Middle Footing

1. Ohio River Valley always a struggle btwn FR, BR, rival Indian communities, and settlers/state companies
2. Middle Footing was the surface area btwn European empires and Indian sovereignty.
3. Indians knew that confronting either FR or BR meant suicide, so they tried to play it safe and sneaky. Iroquois were masters of residual-of-power diplomacy
4. Ohio Company given half a million acres country grant to be dished out to colonists.

1. This caused the FR to make themselves more than credible in the surface area, somewhen causing the seven Years War.

The 7 Year'south State of war

1. George Washington- established Fort Necessity, only surrendered soon subsequently.
2. ii years, the state of war went against the BR. Indians killed hundreds of colonists.
3. BR took out a FR identify, sending some FR ppl to Louisiana (called Cajuns)
4. Likewise captured FR forts in Fort Duquesne, Ticonderoga, and Louisburg. Lastly defeated the FR army at Quebec....O ya, totally pwned fool

A World Transformed

1. FR ceded Canada to BR, Espana ceded Florida to BR in exchange for Cuba and the Philippines. SP also got the Louisiana colony from FR
2. Now, w/ an exception to ii FR islands, everything east of the Mississippi River was now in BR control
3. The 7 Year'south War put strains on all the participants

Pontiac's Rebellion

1. B/c Indian'due south fought for the FR, and at present the FR were substantially out of the New World, the Indian'south felt threatened. FR ceded lands that Indians claimed as their ain
2. Indians of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes launched a revolt
3. Really led by a Delaware religious prophet (Neolin) - he argued that all Indians were a same person

The Proclamation Line

1. Proclamation of 1763 - prohibited further colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mtns; this country was exclusively reserved for the Indians. Information technology likewise banned the sale of Indian lands to private individuals.
2. George Washington and other colonists ignored the above and bought as much country w as they could.

Pennsylvania and the Indians

1. Western Pennsylvanians demanded that colonial regime prefer a more ambitious stance towards Indians
2. During Pontiac's Rebellion, a party of 50 Penn's massacred Indians
3. Paxton Boys marched on Philly forcing the gov to force the expulsion of much of the nearby Indian population

1. William Penn'due south "Holy Experiment" of "true friendship and amity" was now over

Colonial Identities

1. Colonists emerged from the Seven Years War due west/ a whole new commonage identity, westward/ greater bonds to each other.
2. The Albany Plan of Union of 1754, drafted by Benjamin Franklin, envisioned the creation of a Grand Council equanimous of delegates from each colony, with the power to levy taxes and bargain w/ Indian relations and the common defense.

1. Too bad it was rejected :(

The 7 years war besides strengthened the colonists' pride in beingness members of the BR empire..colonists more unified w/ BR After 1763, BR's global empire was neither Protestant nor British nor complimentary. Colonists presently came to believe that membership in the empire jeopardized their liberty

Earlier YOU GO!

Delight feel gratis to annotate and/or like/share this page. Give thanks you so much for reading. And last only non least, please support the sponsors of this page. Thanks again!

miimad on Feb 02, 2019:

Thanks for your difficult work and commitment to posting valuable info for all APUSH students

timi on February 15, 2015:

Thank u for yur hard work....yur outline fabricated me fall in honey with history

Erika on September 24, 2013:

Is it possible to outline the focus question answers as well? Or are they listed somewhere I missed?

Janne on July 26, 2013:

I am curious why you didn't outline chapters v and 6? Permit me know...jannejwilson@optonline.net - thank you and so much for all your hard work.

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